A stomach ulcer is an open sore in the stomach lining; similar sores can occur in the first part of the small intestine. The main symptom is burning or aching in the upper abdomen, often worse at night. Indigestion, bloating, nausea, vomiting or feeling full quickly may also occur.
The principal causes are infection with Helicobacter pylori and regular use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen. Stress and spicy food do not create most ulcers, although they can worsen symptoms. Smoking raises risk and can impair healing.
Diagnosis and treatment
Recurring upper-abdominal pain or indigestion that does not settle should be assessed. Testing may include an H. pylori breath or stool test, blood tests and sometimes gastroscopy. An H. pylori ulcer is treated with antibiotics plus an acid-suppressing proton pump inhibitor; NSAID-related ulcers usually require review of the medicine and acid suppression.
Vomiting blood, coffee-ground material, black sticky stools, sudden severe abdominal pain, chest pain or a very tender abdomen is an emergency. Worsening pain, repeated vomiting, difficulty swallowing, unexplained weight loss, early fullness or persistent tiredness also need prompt medical advice.
Smaller meals, avoiding late eating and limiting personal triggers may ease symptoms after assessment. Do not stop prescribed aspirin or another essential medicine without speaking to a clinician. Water supports hydration but does not eradicate H. pylori or heal an ulcer by itself.
Useful supplements
Supplements should be selected for the individual rather than used automatically. Product directions and advice from an appropriately qualified professional should take precedence over general information.
| Supplement | Effects |
|---|---|
| Multi-strain probiotic | Intended to support intestinal microbial balance, including during antibiotic treatment. |
| Phosphatidylcholine, such as lecithin powder or granules | Supplies phospholipids involved in the structure of the stomach’s protective mucosal lining. |
| Aloe vera | Described as soothing inflammation and supporting gastric-mucosal healing. |
| Fish oil or krill oil | Provides omega-3 fats that support normal inflammatory regulation. |
| Multivitamin and mineral containing vitamins A, C and E with zinc | Provides nutrients involved in tissue maintenance, antioxidant protection and wound healing. |
| Hop alpha acids | Intended to provide natural pain-relieving support. |
Some probiotics may reduce antibiotic-associated digestive symptoms, but they do not replace H. pylori eradication treatment. Aloe, fish oil and herbs can interact with medicines or cause adverse effects; oral aloe commonly causes diarrhoea. High-dose vitamin A, vitamin E or zinc can be harmful. Fish oils and several supplements may increase bleeding risk, an important concern with an ulcer.
Ginger, fermented foods and a high-fibre diet may fit a balanced eating pattern if tolerated, but claims that they cure an established ulcer are not supported. Confirming the cause, completing treatment and retesting when advised are the reliable ways to prevent bleeding, perforation and recurrence.
Looking for personalised nutrition and lifestyle support? An FNTP member may be able to help you explore an approach suited to your individual needs. Find an FNTP practitioner.
This article is for general education and does not replace individual medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.
