Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia in the UK. It is a progressive brain disorder that usually begins with difficulty remembering recent conversations or events, misplacing items, repeating questions or struggling to find words. Over time it can affect orientation, judgement, language, mood, movement and the ability to manage daily life.
Memory problems are not always dementia. Depression, medication effects, thyroid disease, vitamin B12 deficiency, infection and delirium can produce similar or worsening symptoms. A GP can arrange cognitive assessment, blood tests and, where appropriate, specialist memory-clinic review and brain imaging.
Treatment and living well
There is currently no cure, but donepezil, galantamine or rivastigmine may temporarily improve symptoms in early to mid-stage disease. Memantine is used in moderate or severe Alzheimer’s or when other medicines are unsuitable. Cognitive stimulation, rehabilitation, meaningful activity and practical adaptations can support independence and wellbeing.
Planning ahead while the person can participate is valuable. This may include lasting powers of attorney, driving, medication support, home safety, carer respite and preferences for future care. A sudden deterioration should not simply be attributed to dementia; infection, pain, dehydration, constipation or medication changes may be treatable.
A Mediterranean-style eating pattern, regular activity, adequate sleep and management of blood pressure, cholesterol and diabetes support general brain and cardiovascular health. Alzheimer’s is not proven to be caused by aluminium cookware, fluoride, gluten or iodine deficiency, and it should not be presented as “type 3 diabetes”.
Useful supplements
Supplements should be selected for the individual rather than used automatically. Product directions and advice from an appropriately qualified professional should take precedence over general information.
| Supplement | Effects |
|---|---|
| Phosphatidylcholine or lecithin | Supplies choline-related phospholipids involved in cell membranes and normal nerve signalling. |
| Vitamins B12, B6 and folate | Corrects deficiencies and supports normal homocysteine metabolism and nervous-system function. |
| B-complex formula | Provides broad support for energy metabolism and normal brain and nerve function. |
| Krill oil or fish oil | Provides DHA and EPA, which are structural fats important for brain-cell membranes. |
| Zinc | Supports normal cognitive, immune and antioxidant enzyme function. |
| Magnesium | Supports nerve signalling and normal enzyme function; the source describes a role in heavy-metal handling. |
| Vitamin D | Supports normal bone, muscle and immune function; low status is associated with poorer health in older adults. |
| Iodine | Supports thyroid-hormone production, which is necessary for normal brain function. |
| Multi-strain probiotic | Intended to support intestinal microbial balance and communication between gut and nervous system. |
| Antioxidant formula containing beta-carotene, vitamins C and E, and selenium | Provides nutrients that protect cells from oxidative damage. |
No supplement in this table has been shown to cure or halt Alzheimer’s. The source doses of vitamin D, iodine and zinc are potentially harmful; iodine can trigger thyroid disease, high-dose vitamin D can raise calcium, and excess zinc can cause copper deficiency. High-dose antioxidants may interact with medicines.
The priority is timely diagnosis, evidence-based treatment, nutrition sufficient to prevent weight loss, and support that respects the person as an individual rather than reducing them to a diagnosis.
Looking for personalised nutrition and lifestyle support? An FNTP member may be able to help you explore an approach suited to your individual needs. Find an FNTP practitioner.
This article is for general education and does not replace individual medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.
