Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is now called polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS) by the NHS. It is a hormonal and metabolic condition that can affect periods, ovulation, hair growth, skin, weight, energy, mood and fertility. Despite the older name, ovarian cysts are not required for diagnosis.
Symptoms commonly begin around puberty and vary widely. They can include irregular or absent periods, acne or oily skin, excess facial or body hair, thinning scalp hair and difficulty conceiving. Insulin resistance is common, and longer-term risks include type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, fatty liver disease and changes to the womb lining.
Diagnosis and treatment
Diagnosis requires a clinical assessment because thyroid disorders and other hormonal conditions can look similar. Blood tests may assess hormones and insulin resistance; ultrasound is used selectively and is not normally performed for diagnosis under 18. Treatment is shaped by the person’s priorities rather than by a single standard plan.
Hormonal contraception or a progestogen may protect the womb lining and regulate bleeding. Treatments for acne or excess hair include topical medicines, the combined pill and, in selected cases, spironolactone. Fertility treatment may include medicines that encourage ovulation. Metformin and weight-management medicines are useful for some people.
Food and lifestyle
A balanced eating pattern based on vegetables, fruit, pulses, whole grains, suitable protein and unsaturated fats supports cardiovascular and metabolic health. Regular meals can help some people manage hunger and energy, but there is no single “PCOS diet”, and gluten or dairy need not be removed without another clinical reason.
Regular activity improves fitness and insulin sensitivity. If weight loss is appropriate, even a modest, sustainable reduction may improve cycles and metabolic markers; weight-neutral improvements in food quality, sleep and movement still matter. Mental health deserves equal attention because anxiety, depression and body-image distress are common.
Useful supplements
Supplements should be selected for the individual rather than used automatically. Product directions and advice from an appropriately qualified professional should take precedence over general information.
| Supplement | Effects |
|---|---|
| Krill oil | Provides omega-3 fats used to make signalling compounds and supports general tissue health. |
| Evening primrose oil | Provides gamma-linolenic acid, a precursor for signalling compounds involved in tissue function. |
| Multivitamin and mineral containing magnesium, zinc and vitamins B3, B6, C and E | Provides cofactors involved in fatty-acid metabolism and normal tissue function. |
| Additional magnesium citrate | Supports normal muscle, metabolic and tissue function. |
| Additional zinc citrate | Supports normal reproductive, immune and tissue health. |
| Multi-strain probiotic | Intended to support intestinal microbial balance and bowel function. |
| Supergreens powder | Provides concentrated plant nutrients and is described as supporting acid–alkaline balance. |
| Iodine | Supports normal thyroid-hormone production and wider endocrine function. |
Iodine should not be used for “hormone balancing” without assessing thyroid health; excess can trigger thyroid dysfunction. The zinc quantities in the source table are high for long-term unsupervised use and can cause copper deficiency. Magnesium may cause diarrhoea, and oils or probiotics are not substitutes for established fertility or metabolic treatment.
Coffee enemas and castor-oil packs do not treat PMOS and may cause harm. A more useful plan monitors periods, blood pressure, glucose risk, emotional wellbeing and fertility goals, then coordinates nutrition with appropriate medical treatment.
Looking for personalised nutrition and lifestyle support? An FNTP member may be able to help you explore an approach suited to your individual needs. Find an FNTP practitioner.
This article is for general education and does not replace individual medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.
